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〕 | visitation_num = 134,403 | visitation_year = 2012 | visitation_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=National Park Service )〕 | governing_body = National Park Service | refnum=66000105 }} Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii. The site preserves the National Historic Landmark ruins of the last major Ancient Hawaiian temple, and other historic sites. ==The time of unification== Kamehameha I took control of western and northern Hawaii island (the Kona and Kohala districts) in 1782, but for the eight years following, fought in a number of inconclusive battles. After returning from Maui in 1790, he was attacked by his cousin Keōua Kuahuula who still controlled the East side of the island. He returned to the village of Kawaihae, where he had spent some time earlier. A respected kahuna (priest) named Kapoukahi suggested building a luakini heiau (sacrificial temple) to gain the favor of the war god Kūkailimoku.〔("A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of Hawai'i Island" ) on National Park Service web site〕 Puukoholā Heiau meaning "Temple on the Hill of the Whale" was the result, probably on the site of an older temple from about 1580.〔 It was built entirely by hand with no mortar, in less than a year. The red stones were transported by a human chain about 14 miles long, from Pololū Valley to the East. Construction was supervised by Kamehameha's brother Keliimaikai, involving thousands of people.〔Van James, ''Ancient Sites of Hawaii'', 1995, Mutual Publishing, ISBN 978-1-56647-200-5 Page 133〕 The ship ''Fair American'' had been captured in 1790, along with one surviving crew member Isaac Davis, after the incident at Olowalu. Davis and a stranded British sailor named John Young became important military advisors to King Kamehameha. John Young built a house and ranch nearby, and that site is also within the park. News of Kamehameha's large following had spread to the other islands, who joined forces and attempted to invade from the Northeast. The two Europeans had instructed Kamehameha's army in the use of muskets and had mounted cannon onto double-hulled canoes. The invaders were no match for the artillery and were repelled in what was known as the Battle of Kepuwahaulaula (red mouthed gun), just North of Waipio Valley. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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